Global Immunotoxins Market - Industry Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast 2016 - 2023
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Report Immunotoxins Market - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share,
Growth, Trends and Forecast 2016 - 2023 provides information on
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Immunotoxins
are proteins that include a toxin along with an antibody or growth
factor that binds specifically to target. An immunotoxin consists of
a specific cell-targeting constituent, usually a monoclonal antibody
(mAb) linked to a cell-killing toxin. Chemical conjugation of
antibody to whole protein toxin creates immunotoxins, lacking of its
natural binding domain. Immunotoxins are created in Escherichia coli
that are distorted with a plasmid encoding the recombinant toxin.
Harvesting recombinant protein is the most common method for
manufacturing a substance for clinical trial. The insoluble protein
is washed thoroughly with detergent to remove solublized, endotoxin,
denatured, and condensed in guanidine-dithioerythritol solution. Then
the recombinant protein is restored as a denatured protein or also
known as renatured protein by rapid intensity into redox buffer
containing glutathione and arginine, and the dialyzed renatured
protein purified by sizing chromatography and anion exchange.
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Toxins
used in immunotoxin structures are derived from fungi, bacteria and
plants, while most function by inhibiting protein synthesis. The
bacterial toxins that are commonly used in immunotoxins include the
toxin from Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) and Diphtheria toxin (DT).
Ribosomes inactivating proteins (RIPs) gelonin, the A chain of ricin
(RTA), pokeweed antiviral protein and dodecandron are included in
plant toxins that are utilized in immunotoxins. As it is an enzyme,
one toxin molecule can work on many substrate molecules, having a
lethal effect on the cell. Immunotoxin’s use in haematological
malignancies is considered to be very important, which are
characterized by a high percentage of malignant cells that express
the target antigen in contrast to solid tumours, which are
characterized by a mixed cell population, and cells that are often
not easily accessible for immunotoxin.
According
to a research, cancer was observed as the most frequent cause of
death in most of the developed countries. In the U.S., the estimated
number of new cancer cases was above 1.5 million in 2010, with a
mortality rate accounting for 23% of total deaths. Thus, cancer is
observed to be the major application of immunotoxin, to use highly
potent agents as a cancer therapy, it is necessary to target the
killing agent selectively to the cancer cells and immunotoxin therapy
is also considered to be an important and effective molecular cancer
treatment strategy. The major driver of immunotoxins market is
increasing global prevalence of cancer. For instance, according to
World Health Organization (WHO) in 2012, Cancers figure among the
leading causes of death worldwide, accounting for 8.2 million deaths
while lung, liver, stomach, colorectal and breast cancers cause the
most cancer deaths each year. It is also expected that annual cancer
cases will rise from 14 million in 2012 to 2022 within the next two
decades.
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Major
advantages of immunotoxins are minimum toxicity in normal tissues and
discerning cytotoxicity towards tumor cells. The immunotoxin’s
clinical development in the treatment of solid tumors has been
impeded in part, by the initiation of an immune response directed
mainly against the toxin moiety, and in part by loss of activity of
the fusion protein, e.g. by sterical barrier in the case of large
toxin moieties. Strategies to overcome these limitations and develop
the clinical performance of immunotoxins may reduce immunogenicity of
it by removing the T-cell epitopes and use bispecific or bivalent
constructs as next generation molecules.
This
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profiles of top industry players. The report also includes a review
of micro and macro factors essential for the existing market players
and new entrants along with detailed value chain analysis.
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